The Ten Commandments
First read the main text. Below it, tap an individual article to open its explanation.
- I am the Lord your God; you shall have no other gods before Me.
- You shall not make for yourself an idol or any likeness of what is in heaven above, on the earth beneath or in the waters below the earth; you shall not bow down to them or serve them.
- You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain.
- Remember the day of rest, to keep it holy. Six days you shall labour and do all your work, but the seventh day, the day of rest, shall be dedicated to the Lord your God.
- Honour your father and your mother, that it may be well with you and that your days may be long upon the earth.
- You shall not murder.
- You shall not commit adultery.
- You shall not steal.
- You shall not bear false witness against your neighbour.
- You shall not covet your neighbour’s wife, house, field or servant, or anything that belongs to your neighbour. (Exodus 20; Deuteronomy 5)
Our Lord Jesus Christ expressed the heart of these and all the other commandments in this way: “You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind. This is the first and greatest commandment. And the second is like it: You shall love your neighbour as yourself” (Matthew 22:37–39).
Explanations
Every person is born into the condition of ancestral sin, which inclines us towards sinful actions. We need salvation from sin, the devil and the powers of evil, and from death and hell. Salvation is through our Saviour Jesus Christ, through life according to God’s commandments and through the Church He founded for humanity’s salvation. The name “Orthodoxy” points to right belief and the true Church.
Tap a row marked + to open its explanation. Tap again to close it.
1. I am the Lord your God; you shall have no other gods before Me.
God is one, and there are no other gods besides Him. All creatures come from Him, live through Him and return to Him. All power and strength are in God; there is no power apart from Him. The power of light, water, air and stone is God’s power. An ant crawls, a fish swims and a bird flies because of God. The seed’s ability to grow, the grass’s life and a person’s life all come from Him. Every creature receives its existence from God. The Lord gives each what He wills and takes it back when He wills. If you seek the ability to do something, seek it in God, the source of life-giving strength. There is no other source apart from Him.
2. You shall not make for yourself an idol or any likeness of what is in heaven above, on the earth beneath or in the waters below the earth.
Do not deify the creation in place of the Creator. If you have climbed a high mountain and encountered the Lord God, why look back at a reflection in a puddle below? If someone longed to see a king and finally stood before him after great effort, why keep looking around at the king’s servants? Perhaps they are afraid to stand face to face with the king, or imagine that the king alone cannot help them.
3. You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain, for the Lord will not leave unpunished the one who takes His name in vain.
Can anyone dare to invoke without reason or need the awe-inspiring name of the Lord God Most High? When God’s name is spoken in heaven, the heavens bow, the stars shine more brightly, the Archangels and Angels sing “Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord of Hosts”, and the saints fall down in worship. Who, then, dares to speak the all-holy name of God without reverence and a deep longing for Him?
4. Six days you shall labour and do all your work, but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the Lord your God.
The Creator worked for six days and rested on the seventh. Six days are for work and daily concerns; the seventh is dedicated to God. In the Old Testament it was a day of special offering: the people gathered for prayer and sacrifices were offered as signs of gratitude, repentance and dedication to the Creator. In creating the world, the Lord entered time without leaving eternity. The seventh day points to this mystery: life is not exhausted by earthly work, and its final purpose is communion with God. In the New Testament, this commandment finds its fulfilment in Sunday, the day of Christ’s Resurrection. It is the central day of Christian life,
when the Church gathers to celebrate the Divine Liturgy. In the Liturgy we offer God not animal sacrifices but ourselves: our life, work and prayer,
and receive the greatest gift — Communion in the Body and Blood of Christ. Christians therefore keep this day not merely as a day off, but as a meeting with God,
a day of the Eucharist around which the whole life of the Church is ordered.
5. Honour your father and your mother, that your days may be long upon the earth.
Before you knew the Lord God, your parents knew Him. This alone calls for respect and gratitude. Honour all who came before you in recognising the highest good in this world.
6. You shall not murder.
God breathed life into every living creature. Life is the most precious gift He has given. Whoever attacks life on earth attacks this precious gift. Each of us is a temporary bearer and guardian of life that belongs to God. We have no right to take away this life, entrusted to us by Him, either from ourselves or from others.
7. You shall not commit adultery.
Do not enter into an unlawful sexual relationship. In this, the teaching observes, even animals can be more obedient to God than many people.
8. You shall not steal.
Do not wrong your neighbour by disregarding their right to their property. Do not act like a fox or a mouse if you consider yourself wiser than they are. A fox steals without knowing a law against theft, and a mouse gnaws its way into a store without understanding the harm it causes. They know their own need but not another’s loss. You have been given understanding. Your gain must remain lawful and must not come at your neighbour’s expense.
9. You shall not bear false witness against your neighbour.
Do not lie about yourself or others. When you lie about yourself, you know that you are lying. When you slander another person, that person knows you are speaking falsely about them.
10. You shall not covet your neighbour’s house, wife, male or female servant, ox, donkey or anything that belongs to your neighbour.
As soon as you covet what belongs to another, sin has begun. The question is whether you will come to your senses or continue down the slope on which that desire leads you. Desire is the seed of sin; the sinful act is the harvest of the seed that has been sown and grown.
From the writings of St Nikolai of Serbia
